Sunday, July 17, 2011
Photosynthesis and Phycobilins
I was reading Carl Sagan's book The Dragons of Eden. In the third chapter I learned something very interesting. Green plant photosynthesis utilizes light in the red and violet parts of the the solar spectrum which break down water, build carbohydrates and other things. But the sun gives off more light in the yellow and green parts of the spectrum than in the red or violet. Plants just using chlorophyl as their only photosynthetic pigment are rejecting light where its most plentiful. There are however plants that have adapted and adjusted themselves to meet this inefficiency. Other pigments which reflect red light and absorb yellow and green light, such as carotenoids and phycobilins have evolved. These plants havent discarded chlorophyl for these new chemicals, they use both. These plants pass along the energy they acquire from the green and yellow light to the chlophyl pigment that, even though has not absorbed the light, is still instrumental for bridging the gap between light and chemistry in photosynthesis. These plants are more efficient.
I find it strange that only a few plants and red algae have developed these more efficient light-absorbing chemicals. Why aren't these pigments not more widespread throughout the plant kingdom? Maybe the rest of the plants only need what is good enough and have no selective pressure to change.
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